The+World+Economy

**The West's First Outreach: Maritime Power ** · New technology was crucial to gaining power. · Technology was one of the most important determinisms in the 15th century. · Development of **gunpowder**, **cannons**, and then **guns**. o Refined **steel** weapons
 * Notes page 350-359 **

· **Maritime compasses ** · Portugal and Spain had most advanced ships w/ cannons onboard. · **Prince Henry “the Navigator” ** led the effort for Portuguese exploration. · India was explored from 1434 – 1498 CE. · **Columbus ** sailed the ocean blue in 1492 (And “discovered” the new world). · (Spain) **Ferdinand Magellan** and his global circumnavigation o 1519 – 1521 CE: Captures Philippines o All of Latin America except Brazil is given to Spain.

· <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">English defeat the **Spanish Armada** in 1588 CE. · **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Mercantilism ** · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Britain captures West Indies and colonizes the Eastern coasts of the Americas · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">The **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">British East India Company **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> – like the other trading companies supported by nations – were extremely powerful due to minimal regulation o <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Given charters to trade in specific regions; Could assemble armies, and acquire massive fortunes. **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">The West's Commercial Outreach ** · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Europeans dominate international trade routes after the **Battle of Lepanto** (1571 CE). o <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Spanish destroyed the **Ottoman Fleet** · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Europeans founded many coastal cities and ports for trading/shipping. · <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Western Europeans gained rights in many empires to establish colonies in the cities. o <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Such as… **Constantinople** and **Nagasaki**…etc.
 * <span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">The Columbian Exchange of Disease and Food
 * <span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list 1.0in; tabstops: list 1.0in;">Cultural exchange that brought Afro-Eurasian diseases causing genocidal death tolls; 50-80% death rate of indigenous populous
 * <span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">New Crops
 * <span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list 1.0in; tabstops: list 1.0in;">American corn and sweet potatoes spread throughout the known world; Potatoes travel to Europe.
 * <span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in; tabstops: list .5in;">Increase of world populations.