India

__Outline: Challenging the Raj and Winning Independence (P. 657 - 661 and 722 - 723)__
 * **Indian nationalist movement** became a model for other nations.
 * Peaceful protest
 * Led by Western-educated elites.
 * **The National Congress Party** governed the post-colonial country.
 * Created a national identity.
 * Western-educated Indians
 * Formed in 1885
 * High ranking British officials
 * An attempt to prevent political protest
 * British racism toward Indians.
 * Thought to be due to the typically low salaries and limited opportunities of Indians.
 * The army accounted for a chunk of the Indian government's budget.
 * **BG Tilak**, a leading Indian nationalist.
 * Thought nationalism should be based on Hindu appeals. (Largest portion of population)
 * Worked to promote the revival of Hinduism
 * Tilak's removal and repression campaigns against terrorists allowed politicians greater influence.
 * **Morely-Minto reforms (**1909)
 * Provided educated Indians with expanded opportunities.
 * Could vote or serve on all-India legislative councils.
 * **Montagu- Chelmsford reforms (**1919)
 * Increased the powers of the Indian legislators.
 * Placed much of the provincial administration of India under their control.
 * **Rowlatt Act** places restrictions on Indian civil rights like freedom of the press.
 * Local protests during and after the war.
 * **Gandhi's satyagraha -** "The Truth Force".
 * Led boycotts / protest.
 * The nonviolent method of mass civil disobedience pleased moderates and radicals.
 * Hindered the mobilization of the British military.
 * **Quit India Movement** (1942)
 * Protesting campaign; Promoted civil disobedience.
 * ** Muslim Move **
 * Muslim's wanted a seperate state to prevent themselves from descending to the social level of Hindus.

Leader Analysis Sheet

· British Occupation stifled world trade due to foreign policy. · Constructed a well developed communication and transportation system (railways and telegraphs). · Used to further the British economy. · Introduced many movements and struggles like the **Civil Disobedience Movement**, The **Dandhi March**, The **Non-cooperation Movement**, **Direct Action**, **Salt Satyagraha**, etc. · Never resorted to violence and never accepted failure in his life. Believed perseverance was the key to attaining goals. Such as his goal of freeing India from British occupation/rule. || · The movement’s listed above, and Gandhi’s assassination on January 30th 1948. || · Population united under one leader for a common purpose. · Protests and anti-colonial ideas ran rampant. || Long-Term Effects: · India was freed from British rule · Caste system dissolved. · Pakistan was founded. ||
 * Name of Leader: Ghandi ||
 * Lifespan: 1869 – 1948 CE || Title: Mahatama (Great Soul) ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Country/region: India || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Years in Power: President of the National Congress Party (1921 – 1948 CE) ||
 * __<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Political, Social, & Economic Conditions Prior to Leaders Gaining Power: __
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Inflation and famine during war.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">British awarded Indian’s with small amounts of influence/control in their gov’t
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Radicalism / militant activity. ||
 * __<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Ideology, Motivation, Goals: __
 * __<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Significant Actions & events During Term of Power: __
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">Short-Term effects:

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